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An automatic transmission or transaxle selects diferent gear ratios according to engine speed, powertrain load, vehicle speed, and other operating factors. Automatic transmissions use a fluid type clutch known as a torque converter to transfer engine torque to the transmissions inputshaft, inplace where as a manual transmission would use a clutch between the engine and transmiission to provide a mechanical coupling operated through a foot pedal. A torque converter automatically engages and disengage power from the engine to transmission through engine rpm. With the engine running at idle there is not enough fluid flow for power transfer. As engine rpm rises the added fluid flow creates enough force to transmit engine power through the torque converter to the transmission. COMPONENTS AND OPERATION There are three standard components to a torque converter, an impeller, stator, and turbine. The impeller is the drive member fixed to the converter housing wich is attached directly to the engine. The impeller forms one half of the converter housing and has a number of curved blades to pump fluid flow inside the converter. The turbine is a driven member with curved blades facing the impeller blades, and is splined to the input shaft (turbine shaft) inside the transmission. The turbine blades have a greater curve than the impellers to eliminate fluid turbulence. Fluid is thrown out of the impellers blades by centrifugal force against the turbine blades to rotate the input shaft of the transmission. The stator is located between the impeller and turbine. It redirects fluid flow from the turbine back to the impeller with the same rotation as the impeller. There is no direct mechanical link between the impeller and turbine. The transmissions oil pump is driven by notches or flats built in the converter housing to deliver fluid under pressure through the input shaft (turbine shaft) into the torque converter, oil leaving the turbine is directed outside the converter into the transmission cooler then to the transmission sump or pan.